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                <h2 id="安装前环境配置"><a href="#安装前环境配置" class="headerlink" title="安装前环境配置"></a>安装前环境配置</h2><p>以下配置在root用户下执行</p>
<h3 id="安装依赖"><a href="#安装依赖" class="headerlink" title="安装依赖"></a>安装依赖</h3><p>先将redhat自带yum源更换，然后安装下面依赖。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum -y install binutils \</span><br><span class="line">compat-libstdc++-33 \</span><br><span class="line">elfutils-libelf \</span><br><span class="line">elfutils-libelf-devel \</span><br><span class="line">expat \</span><br><span class="line">gcc \</span><br><span class="line">gcc-c++ \</span><br><span class="line">glibc \</span><br><span class="line">glibc-common \</span><br><span class="line">glibc-devel \</span><br><span class="line">glibc-headers \</span><br><span class="line">libaio \</span><br><span class="line">libaio-devel \</span><br><span class="line">libgcc \</span><br><span class="line">libstdc++ \</span><br><span class="line">libstdc++-devel \</span><br><span class="line">make \</span><br><span class="line">pdksh \</span><br><span class="line">sysstat \</span><br><span class="line">unixODBC \</span><br><span class="line">unixODBC-devel</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h3 id="检查是否安装成功"><a href="#检查是否安装成功" class="headerlink" title="检查是否安装成功"></a>检查是否安装成功</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rpm -q \</span><br><span class="line">binutils \</span><br><span class="line">compat-libstdc++-33 \</span><br><span class="line">elfutils-libelf \</span><br><span class="line">elfutils-libelf-devel \</span><br><span class="line">expat \</span><br><span class="line">gcc \</span><br><span class="line">gcc-c++ \</span><br><span class="line">glibc \</span><br><span class="line">glibc-common \</span><br><span class="line">glibc-devel \</span><br><span class="line">glibc-headers \</span><br><span class="line">libaio \</span><br><span class="line">libaio-devel \</span><br><span class="line">libgcc \</span><br><span class="line">libstdc++ \</span><br><span class="line">libstdc++-devel \</span><br><span class="line">make \</span><br><span class="line">pdksh \</span><br><span class="line">sysstat \</span><br><span class="line">unixODBC \</span><br><span class="line">unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<p>提示pdksh没有安装，正常使用<code>yum -y install pdksh</code>安装不了，需要下载</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget -O pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>下载完成，执行下面命令安装</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<p>检查依赖包是否安装完成。</p>
<h3 id="修改kernel参数"><a href="#修改kernel参数" class="headerlink" title="修改kernel参数"></a>修改kernel参数</h3><p><code>vim /etc/sysctl.conf</code>打开文件</p>
<p>文件底部添加下面内容</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500</span><br><span class="line">fs.file-max = 6815744</span><br><span class="line">kernel.shmall = 10523004</span><br><span class="line">kernel.shmmax = 6465333657</span><br><span class="line">kernel.shmmni = 4096</span><br><span class="line">kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128</span><br><span class="line">net.core.rmem_default=262144</span><br><span class="line">net.core.wmem_default=262144</span><br><span class="line">net.core.rmem_max=4194304</span><br><span class="line">net.core.wmem_max=1048576</span><br><span class="line">fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>执行<code>sysctl –p</code>使内核生效</p>
<h3 id="创建用户和相应的组"><a href="#创建用户和相应的组" class="headerlink" title="创建用户和相应的组"></a>创建用户和相应的组</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">groupadd –g 200 oinstall</span><br><span class="line">groupadd –g 201 dba</span><br><span class="line">useradd –u 440 –g oinstall –G dba –d /home/oracle oracle</span><br><span class="line">passwd oracle</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<p><code>id oracle</code>可以检查创建的用户,oracle为创建的用户。</p>
<h3 id="修改登录系统参数"><a href="#修改登录系统参数" class="headerlink" title="修改登录系统参数"></a>修改登录系统参数</h3><p><code>vim /etc/pam.d/login</code>打开文件</p>
<p>文件底部添加</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">session required pam_limits.so</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>


<h3 id="修改操作系统安全限制等参数"><a href="#修改操作系统安全限制等参数" class="headerlink" title="修改操作系统安全限制等参数"></a>修改操作系统安全限制等参数</h3><p><code>vim /etc/security/limits.conf</code>打开文件</p>
<p>底部添加</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">oracle soft nproc 2047</span><br><span class="line">oracle hard nproc 16384</span><br><span class="line">oracle soft nofile 1024</span><br><span class="line">oracle hard nofile 65536</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<h3 id="修改环境变量"><a href="#修改环境变量" class="headerlink" title="修改环境变量"></a>修改环境变量</h3><p><code>vim /etc/profile</code>打开文件</p>
<p>底部添加</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then</span><br><span class="line">if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then</span><br><span class="line">ulimit -p 16384</span><br><span class="line">ulimit -n 65536</span><br><span class="line">else</span><br><span class="line">ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536</span><br><span class="line">fi</span><br><span class="line">fi</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<p>执行<code>source /etc/profile</code>使更改生效</p>
<h3 id="配置oracle安装目录"><a href="#配置oracle安装目录" class="headerlink" title="配置oracle安装目录"></a>配置oracle安装目录</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/oraHome #安装目录</span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata  </span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost opt]# mkdir -p /opt/inventory</span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost opt]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle</span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost opt]# chown -R 755  /opt/oracle</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<h3 id="配置oracle用户环境变量"><a href="#配置oracle用户环境变量" class="headerlink" title="配置oracle用户环境变量"></a>配置oracle用户环境变量</h3><p>此部分需要切换到oracle用户执行，执行<code>su - oracle</code>切换用户。<code>su</code>为切换回root用户</p>
<p><code>vim ~/.bash_profile </code></p>
<p>在文件中添加</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle</span><br><span class="line">export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/oraHome</span><br><span class="line">export ORACLE_SID=orcl</span><br><span class="line">export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle</span><br><span class="line">export ORACLE_TERM=vt100</span><br><span class="line">export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin</span><br><span class="line">export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH</span><br><span class="line">LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib</span><br><span class="line">export LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span><br><span class="line">CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib</span><br><span class="line">CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib</span><br><span class="line">export CLASSPATH</span><br><span class="line">export LC_ALL="en_US"</span><br><span class="line">export LANG="en_US"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<p>配置生效<code>source ~/.bash_profile</code></p>
<hr>
<p>至此配置部分完成，开始安装oracle。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="安装oracle"><a href="#安装oracle" class="headerlink" title="安装oracle"></a>安装oracle</h2><p>下面需要在root用户下执行</p>
<h3 id="下载安装包"><a href="#下载安装包" class="headerlink" title="下载安装包"></a>下载安装包</h3><p>下载<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html">oracle 11g</a>，官网需要登录。</p>
<p><img src="http://img.xujn.xyz/image20180902222159.png"><br>下载两个文件后，上传到linux服务器上。</p>
<h3 id="解压"><a href="#解压" class="headerlink" title="解压"></a>解压</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /opt</span><br><span class="line">unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /opt</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>我是将其解压在/opt下，解压之后文件会在database目录下。</p>
<h3 id="静默安装文件配置"><a href="#静默安装文件配置" class="headerlink" title="静默安装文件配置"></a>静默安装文件配置</h3><p>拷贝<code>database/response/</code>下面的<code>dbca.rsp</code>、<code>db_install.rsp</code>及<code>netca.rsp</code>三个文件至<code>/opt/oracle</code>目录下。这三个文件很重要</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp response/* /opt/oracle</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<p>编辑db_install.rsp文件 </p>
<p><code>vim /db/etc/db_install.rsp</code></p>
<p><code>hostname</code>查看自己的主机名</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">racle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY</span><br><span class="line">DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true</span><br><span class="line">UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall</span><br><span class="line">INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/inventory</span><br><span class="line">SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN</span><br><span class="line">ORACLE_HOSTNAME=node75   #node75为自己的主机名</span><br><span class="line">ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/oraHome</span><br><span class="line">ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle</span><br><span class="line">oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE</span><br><span class="line">oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true</span><br><span class="line">oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba</span><br><span class="line">oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP= oinstall</span><br><span class="line">Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE</span><br><span class="line">Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl</span><br><span class="line">Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl</span><br><span class="line">Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= AL32UTF8</span><br><span class="line">Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle</span><br><span class="line">DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<h3 id="静默安装"><a href="#静默安装" class="headerlink" title="静默安装"></a>静默安装</h3><p>切换至oracle 帐号<code>su – oracle</code></p>
<p>进入database目录</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /opt/oracle/db_install.rsp</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>安装开始，时间会有点久，如果出现问题，查看控制台日志。运维第一步，会看日志。</p>
<p>安装完成，提示Successfully Setup Software.</p>
<p><img src="http://img.xujn.xyz/image20180902223914.png"></p>
<h3 id="执行脚本"><a href="#执行脚本" class="headerlink" title="执行脚本"></a>执行脚本</h3><p>切换回root用户，执行上图中提示的脚本。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sh /opt/oracle/inventory/orainsRot.sh</span><br><span class="line">sh /opt/oracle/product/oraHome/root.sh</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>

<h3 id="配置监听"><a href="#配置监听" class="headerlink" title="配置监听"></a>配置监听</h3><p><code>netca /silent /responsefile /opt/oracle/netca.rsp</code><br><img src="http://img.xujn.xyz/image20180902224154.png"></p>
<h3 id="执行静默建库"><a href="#执行静默建库" class="headerlink" title="执行静默建库"></a>执行静默建库</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/dbca.rsp -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p><code>-sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle</code>需要制定密码，不然报错</p>
<p><img src="http://img.xujn.xyz/image20180902224347.png"></p>
<p>如上图，安装成功。</p>
<h2 id="查看oracle"><a href="#查看oracle" class="headerlink" title="查看oracle"></a>查看oracle</h2><p>切换oracle用户</p>
<h3 id="查看实例进程"><a href="#查看实例进程" class="headerlink" title="查看实例进程"></a>查看实例进程</h3><p><code>ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep</code></p>
<p><img src="http://img.xujn.xyz/image20180902224540.png"></p>
<h3 id="查看监听状态"><a href="#查看监听状态" class="headerlink" title="查看监听状态"></a>查看监听状态</h3><p><code>lsnrctl status</code></p>
<p><img src="http://img.xujn.xyz/image20180902224703.png"></p>
<h3 id="其他操作"><a href="#其他操作" class="headerlink" title="其他操作"></a>其他操作</h3><p>登录sqlplus，查看实例状态</p>
<p><code>sqlplus / as sysdba</code></p>
<p>查看数据库编码</p>
<p><code>select userenv('language') from dual;</code></p>
<p>查看数据库版本信息</p>
<p><code>select * from v$version;</code></p>

                
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                        var t1 = Date.UTC(startYear, startMonth, startDate, startHour, startMinute, startSecond);
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                        var diff = t2 - t1;
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                            var yearsAndDaysTip = 'This site has been running for ' + diffYears + ' years and '
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                            if (language === 'zh-CN') {
                                yearsAndDaysTip = '本站已运行 ' + diffYears + ' 年 ' + diffDays + ' 天';
                            } else if (language === 'zh-HK') {
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